Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42581234›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2026

Non-invasive nanoparticle barcoding in nonhuman primates.

Bora Jang, Ryan Zenhausern, Liming Lian, Kara Gentry, Abdulraouf M Abbas, Sebastian Rudden, Yoon-Joo Shin, Jessie Doan, David Loughrey, Elizabeth H Curran and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Bora JangWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-3934
Ryan ZenhausernWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Liming LianWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kara GentryWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Abdulraouf M AbbasWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sebastian RuddenWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yoon-Joo ShinWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jessie DoanWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
David LoughreyWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Elizabeth H CurranEmory National Biomedical Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jennifer S WoodEmory National Biomedical Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Rachelle L StammenEmory National Biomedical Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
R Paul JohnsonEmory National Biomedical Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-120X
Hyejin KimWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. hyejin.kim2@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-2733
James E DahlmanWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. james.dahlman@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-436X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clinical relevance of a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA drug candidate is often dictated by its behavior in nonhuman primates. Yet, evaluating how chemically distinct LNPs behave in nonhuman primates remains difficult, in part because nanoparticle barcoding assays require euthanasia and difficult downstream tissue processing. Here we report non-invasive nanoparticle barcoding, which quantifies functional mRNA delivery mediated by several LNPs in a single nonhuman primate using 30 µl of serum. This method is enabled by snapCodes, benzylguanine-modified DNA barcodes that covalently bind an mRNA-encoded nanoluciferase-SNAP-tag fusion protein in vivo. The resulting DNA-fusion protein complexes are exported from cells, isolated from serum and sequenced. After validating snapCode and fusion protein activity, we intravenously administer six snapCoded LNPs to mice and nonhuman primates, thereby comparing LNP delivery across species. Measuring mRNA delivery from multiple LNPs using a low-volume blood draw reduces animal use and may help identify promising nanoparticle formulations.

Identifiers

PMID42581234

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.