Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42581159›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: its relationship to invasive modes of ventilation and the magnitude of respiratory support.

Ronald I Clyman, Nancy K Hills, Elizabeth E Rogers, Nadra E Lisha

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Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ronald I ClymanDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. clymanr@peds.ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-8625
Nancy K HillsDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Elizabeth E RogersDepartments of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nadra E LishaDepartments of Division of Prevention Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) slakshmi@ucdavis.eduU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1 TR001872
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether the magnitude of respiratory support mediates the association between intubation/invasive ventilation and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). STUDY

designObservational study of BPD (diagnosed at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age) using Poisson regression and Mplus mediation analyses in 544 consecutively admitted inborn infants <28 weeks' gestation.

resultsA change in guidelines emphasizing noninvasive ventilation led to a significant decrease in intubation rates. However, neither the magnitude of support nor the incidence of BPD-40 was decreased. While invasive ventilation at 1, 7 and 14 days was significantly associated with BPD-40 in multivariable regression and mediation analyses, its association appeared to be mediated by the magnitude of support (especially mean airway pressure), with no direct effect from the intubation/invasive ventilation.

conclusionReducing intubation/invasive ventilation may not impact the rate of BPD-40 unless the infant's need for high levels of respiratory support (even if delivered noninvasively) is also minimized.

Identifiers

PMID42581159

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.