ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2026
Macrophages in tumors with downregulated MHC-I expression: emerging therapeutic opportunities and translational challenges.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the dominant component of the tumor microenvironment and exhibit remarkable phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity that extends beyond the classical M1/M2 polarization, as revealed by single-cell transcriptomics across multiple cancer types. Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) on tumor cells is a common immune evasion strategy that profoundly shapes TAM composition and function. Conversely, TAMs reciprocally modulate tumor MHC-I expression. This review provides an overview of the verified and hypothetical mechanisms of bidirectional regulatory interactions between MHC-I on tumor cells and TAMs. Since these interactions likely differ between tumors with reversible and irreversible MHC-I downregulation, their potential significance in tumor immunotherapy should be assessed separately for each MHC-I reduction mechanism.
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