Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42579436›Full record

ArticleACS nano2026

Sub-Nanomolar Detection and Discrimination of Microcystin Congeners Using Aerolysin Nanopores.

Alissa Agerova, Juan Francisco Bada Juarez, Louis W Perrin, Luciano A Abriata, Maria J Marcaida, Anna Carratalà, Nora Selmani, Stéphanie Barbier, Fereidoun Khajehnouri, Giordano Vassalli and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Alissa AgerovaInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0002-9399-4675
Juan Francisco Bada JuarezInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1337-6424
Louis W PerrinDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva1205, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0005-5725-927X
Luciano A AbriataInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3087-8677
Maria J MarcaidaInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.
Anna CarratalàLaboratory of Environmental Virology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8436-0414
Nora SelmaniService de l'eau, Ville de Lausanne, Direction de la sécurité Et de l'économie , Lausanne1001, Switzerland.
Stéphanie BarbierService de l'eau, Ville de Lausanne, Direction de la sécurité Et de l'économie , Lausanne1001, Switzerland.
Fereidoun KhajehnouriService de l'eau, Ville de Lausanne, Direction de la sécurité Et de l'économie , Lausanne1001, Switzerland.
Giordano VassalliCentro di Competenze sull'acqua, CCA SA, Chiasso6830, Switzerland.
Elisabeth M L JanssenDepartment of Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf8600, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5475-6730
Chan CaoDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva1205, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2592-0690
Tamar KohnLaboratory of Environmental Virology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0395-6561
Matteo Dal PeraroInstitute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne1015, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2973-3975

Funding

EPFL iPhD grant NASwiss National Science Foundation 200021L_212128Swiss National Science Foundation PR00P3_193090Swiss Supercomputing Center CSCS NA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Climate-driven disruptions in aquatic ecosystems are amplifying cyanotoxin production, threatening drinking and recreational water safety. Monitoring of these toxins is challenged by requirements of the low μg/L detection limits and structural diversity. Here, we employ aerolysin nanopores to distinguish seven of the most prevalent microcystin congeners, both individually and in mixtures, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Importantly, we showed that aerolysin enables the detection of microcystins in spiked and real contaminated lake water samples at concentrations below the World Health Organization's intervention thresholds, reaching picomolar sensitivity. Moreover, combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we further investigated the microcystin sensing mechanism, suggesting that the ionic current blockage is primarily governed by K238 in aerolysin, while dwell time is regulated by the R220 constriction site. Our results support the use of nanopore sensing technology for real-time monitoring of microcystins in drinking water sources and surface waters.

Indexed as

Bacterial ToxinsMicrocystinsNanoporesPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsBiosensing TechniquesEnvironmental MonitoringLakesLimit of DetectionMolecular Dynamics SimulationaerolysinBacterial ToxinsmicrocystinMicrocystinsPore Forming Cytotoxic Proteinsenvironmental monitoringlabel-free biosensingnanopore sensingreal-time monitoringsingle-molecule analysistoxic cyanobacterial bloomswater quality

Identifiers

PMID42579436
PMCPMC13472326

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.