Trial reportJAMA network open2026
Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in JAMA network open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04982952 (Randomized Trial of a Contingency Management Smoking Cessation Intervention for Homeless Adults), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trial of a Contingency Management Smoking Cessation Intervention for Homeless Adults
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: More than 70% of people experiencing homelessness report current smoking. Contingency management (CM) interventions that provide financial incentives for smoking cessation have shown short-term promise, but extended CM interventions have not been well studied in this population. Objective: To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an extended 6-month CM intervention for smoking cessation among adults experiencing homelessness. Design, Setting, and Participants: This pilot parallel 2-group randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 safety-net clinics in San Francisco, California. Adults experiencing homelessness who smoked cigarettes and intended to quit within 6 months were enrolled from November 8, 2021, to June 27, 2023. Participants were followed up for 6 months, completed 24-week follow-up on January 9, 2024, and completed exploratory 52-week follow-up on May 21, 2024. Data were analyzed between June 1, 2024, and December 31, 2025. Interventions: Participants were randomized to extended CM or a control condition. The CM group received escalating gift card incentives for carbon monoxide (CO)-verified abstinence, starting at $13 and increasing by $0.50 for each negative test result for 6 months. Control participants received $5 per visit regardless of abstinence. Main Outcomes and Measures: The preliminary efficacy outcome was 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA; CO-verified self-report of abstinence). The secondary outcome was repeated 7-day PPA. Results: Of 83 participants, 42 were randomized to CM and 41 to a control. The mean (SD) age was 47.0 (10.8) years, and 53 participants (63.9%) were men. At 6 months, 7-day PPA was 31.0% in the CM group and 12.2% in the control group. After adjustment for covariates and with missing data treated as smoking, participants in the CM group had higher odds of achieving 7-day PPA at 6 months than those in the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 3.24 [95% CI, 1.03-10.19]; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this pilot randomized clinical trial of adults experiencing homelessness, an extended CM intervention was feasible to implement and was associated with higher odds of 7-day PPA than the control condition. These findings suggest that extended CM may be a promising strategy for supporting smoking cessation in this population, but larger trials are needed to confirm efficacy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04982952.
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