SynthesisImmunologic research2026
Galectin-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Immunologic research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aims to assess the circulating galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explore the major related influencing factors. Systematic searches of all relevant English articles were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 22nd, 2025. Continuous variable data from multiple studies were subjected to a random-effects meta-analysis using Stata 12.0 software to estimate the pooled effect size. Data on circulating Gal-3 levels were analyzed using the standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and 95% prediction intervals (PI) in the presence of significant heterogeneity. A total of 8 studies were finally included in this meta-analysis, involving 397 patients with SLE and 433 normal controls. The combined effect showed that SLE patients had significantly higher circulating Gal-3 levels than normal controls (SMD = 1.290, 95% CI: 0.713-1.868, 95% PI: -0.25-2.80, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses stratified by age, region, assay method, sample size and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale score also demonstrated consistent results. Egger's linear regression test indicated no significant publication bias (P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. SLE patients have higher circulating levels of Gal-3 than normal controls. Given the crucial role of Gal-3 in SLE, it is worthwhile to investigate its potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.