ArticleTobacco induced diseases2026
Enterprise ownership, workplace culture, and smoking cessation difficulty in China: A cross-sectional data analysis.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWorkplaces are important settings for smoke-free protection and cessation support, but enterprise ownership may shape quit attempts. This cross-sectional data analysis examined whether employees of state-owned enterprises experience greater smoking cessation difficulty than employees of private enterprises.
methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional self-reported data from an anonymous online questionnaire administered in October 2025. The questionnaire link was distributed through employee WeChat groups in six enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China (three state-owned and three private). Eligible participants were full-time employees aged ≥18 years who had worked in the enterprise for at least six months. The analytic sample comprised 989 employees. Outcomes were workplace cessation culture, indoor workplace secondhand smoke exposure in the past 30 days, quit intention within six months, and past-year quit attempt among current smokers. Ownership-group differences were assessed descriptively and using multivariable linear regression and logistic generalized estimating equations.
resultsThe sample included 483 state-owned and 506 private enterprise employees. Current smoking was more common in state-owned enterprises (34.8% vs 27.5%, p=0.046). State-owned enterprise employees reported lower cessation culture (3.33 vs 3.64, p<0.001), less cessation support (2.5 vs 3.6, p<0.001), stronger pro-smoking norms (2.90 vs 2.49, p<0.001), and more indoor workplace secondhand smoke exposure (42.0% vs 25.5%, p<0.001). Among current smokers, quit intention (36.9% vs 52.5%, p=0.009) and past-year quit attempts (29.8% vs 57.6%, p<0.001) were less common in state-owned enterprises. After adjustment, private enterprise employment was associated with higher odds of quit intention (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.19) and past-year quit attempt (AOR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.65-4.84).
conclusionsState-owned enterprise employees experienced greater cessation difficulty than private enterprise employees. Higher secondhand smoke exposure, stronger pro-smoking norms, weaker cessation support, and lower leadership commitment may contribute to this ownership-related difference.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.