ReviewOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Bacterial Infection in Ebola Virus Disease, Marburg Virus Disease, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, and Lassa Fever.
Review in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Concern for bacterial coinfection in patients with high consequence viral infections (HCVIs) has made empiric antibiotic administration the standard of care. However, the incidence, microbiology, and clinical significance of bacterial coinfection in HCVIs remain unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of case reports, cohort studies, and cross-sectional analyses describing bacterial coinfection in Ebola virus disease (EVD), Marburg virus disease (MVD), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and Lassa fever (LF). Data were extracted on study design, setting, diagnostic methods, pathogens, antibiotic use, and outcomes. Results: Thirty publications met inclusion criteria. Bacteremia was most commonly reported among patients with CCHF ( Conclusions: Despite being a major concern driving empiric antibiotic use, bacterial coinfection in HCVIs remains poorly described, precluding determination of its incidence or clinical significance. Prospective studies with standardized protocols for bacterial diagnosis and characterization of antimicrobial resistance are needed to guide antimicrobial strategies.
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