ArticleInternational journal of dentistry2026
Characteristics and Physical Properties of Indonesian Stingless Bee (
Article in International journal of dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Characteristics and Physical Properties of Indonesian Stingless Bee (International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the suitability of a novel natural-based endodontic sealer, nano-chitosan-propolis, for root canal applications by comparing its physicochemical and structural properties with a commercial bioceramic sealer (CeraSeal). Methods: The physicochemical and structural characteristics of nano-chitosan oligosaccharide-propolis (nCOS-P) and CeraSeal were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify crystalline phases and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (SEM-EDS) for surface morphology and elemental composition. Setting time was measured following the ASTM C191-08 standard under room conditions (23 ± 1 Results: XRD analysis revealed that nCOS-P exhibited crystalline phases of calcium, zirconium, zirconium dioxide, and silicon dioxide, whereas CeraSeal contained zirconium silicide, indicating compositional differences. SEM-EDS showed that nCOS-P had a compact, nonuniform particle distribution and elemental composition consistent with chitosan and propolis, contributing to enhanced viscosity and bioactivity. nCOS-P demonstrated a significantly shorter setting time (1320 min) compared to CeraSeal (3360 min) ( Conclusions: nCOS-P demonstrated a shorter ASTM-based setting time and acceptable flowability. Still, neither material met the ISO film thickness limit under the present conditions. Despite exceeding ISO limits for film thickness, its unique composition offers potential clinical advantages. Further in vivo studies are recommended to confirm biological performance and clinical efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.