Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42577603›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

The pathogenic role of double-negative B cells in autoimmune diseases.

Yanzuo Wu, Ze Yang, Shuo Huang, Yongsheng Fan, Guanqun Xie

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yanzuo Wu *The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Ze Yang *The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Shuo HuangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yongsheng FanDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Guanqun XieSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Double-negative (DN) B cells have emerged as pivotal players in autoimmune diseases, transitioning from an overlooked exhausted subpopulation to a lineage with potent pathogenic potential. Based on surface marker expression, DN B cells are subdivided into four distinct subsets: DN1, DN2, DN3, and DN4. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these subsets, focusing on their origins, phenotypes, and developmental trajectories. In disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesB-LymphocytesB-Lymphocyte SubsetsAnimalsCell DifferentiationHumansautoimmune diseasesdouble-negative B cellsextra-follicular pathwayrheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosus

Identifiers

PMID42577603
PMCPMC13454454

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.