Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42577523›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026

Robust cross-immunity against a heterologous field strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus achieved in small ruminants following commercial vaccination in Jordan.

Efrem A Foglia, Giampietro Maccabiani, Cornelis van Maanen, Vito Tranquillo, Emad M Bennour, Hashim A Mansour, Nussieba A Osman, Mohammad Khalifeh, Ausama A Yousif, Maisa Al-Ameer and 10 more

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Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Efrem A FogliaIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini, Brescia, Italy.
Giampietro MaccabianiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini, Brescia, Italy.
Cornelis van MaanenFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Vito TranquilloIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini, Brescia, Italy.
Emad M BennourDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.
Hashim A MansourThe Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Egypt.
Nussieba A OsmanDepartment of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Mohammad KhalifehDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Ausama A YousifDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Maisa Al-AmeerVirology Unit, Animal Wealth Laboratories Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Amman, Jordan.
Mohammed S Bin-TarifLivestock Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Amman, Jordan.
Saeda SalahEarly Warning and Risk Assessment Department, Veterinary and Animal Health Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Amman, Jordan.
Shawkat LafiDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Zaidoun S K HijazeenNational Project Personnel, Animal Health, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Wafaa A RamadnehNPO Programme, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Amman, Jordan.
Shahin BaiomyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Francesca AmbrosiniFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Donal SamminFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio RossoFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
Santina GrazioliIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Bruno Ubertini, Brescia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious infectious disease, with a severe socio-economic impact, affecting cloven-hoofed livestock. Routine and emergency vaccinations are the most effective tool for the containment and the eradication of the disease in endemic countries. Due to the presence of the virus in seven serotypes and in various lineages and strains, the selection of the most appropriate vaccine is essential to achieve protection. According to WOAH/FAO guidelines, assessing vaccine effectiveness is recommended to improve control strategies. This study reports the analysis of the results from Post Vaccination Monitoring (PVM) performed in Jordan across 2022 and 2023. Methods: A polyvalent inactivated vaccine, including one strain serotype O (O/EURO-SA/O Results: Overall, a single administration of the vaccine was effective in inducing a good response in small ruminants, but a second administration boosted immunity, increasing the level and duration of the immune response in almost all vaccinated animals. The same vaccinal response was apparent when measured against the field strain. Discussion: This field study corroborated the results of vaccine matching and confirmed the current suitability of that particular vaccine formula in the containment of FMD in the Middle East area.

Indexed as

field studiesfoot and mouth diseasesmall ruminantsvaccinevaccine evaluationveterinary vaccination

Identifiers

PMID42577523
PMCPMC13454497

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.