ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2026
Real-World Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From trial to clinic: psilocybin's efficacy in routine treatment-resistant depression.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has demonstrated promising antidepressant effects in depression and treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in controlled clinical trials. However, its effectiveness and safety in real-world therapeutic settings remain largely unknown. Although psilocybin is not yet approved as an antidepressant treatment, Switzerland's unique legal framework allows its limited medical use for TRD. We aimed to examine antidepressant outcomes, safety, and feasibility of real-world psilocybin therapy for TRD, including repeated dosing sessions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records from 19 TRD patients treated with psilocybin (20-35 mg) across one to four dosing sessions at the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich. Depression severity was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI). Changes from baseline to interim and post-treatment were analysed, including response and remission. Findings: MADRS scores decreased from baseline (M = 30.78) to post-treatment (M = 19.89), with a large effect size (Hedges' g = 1.37, 95% CI [0.90, 1.84]). BDI scores also decreased (M = 32.33-M = 23.28), with a medium-to-large effect (Hedges' g = .77, 95% CI [0.46, 1.09]). Response and remission rates were 33.3% and 22.2% (MADRS), and 27.8% and 27.8% (BDI). No serious adverse events were documented. Interpretation: This study provides some of the first evidence on psilocybin outside controlled trials. Psilocybin was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in depressive symptoms, with response and remission rates below those reported in previous trials. Findings suggest feasibility of psilocybin in real-world TRD care and should be interpreted within the limitations of small sample size, retrospective uncontrolled design, heterogeneous treatment conditions, and concomitant psychopharmacology. Funding: This research did not receive any funding.
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