Observational studyFrontiers in public health2026
Perioperative pain-anxiety response profiles and their predictors in patients undergoing dental implant surgery: a latent profile analysis.
Observational study in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Pain and anxiety are common perioperative experiences among patients undergoing dental implant surgery; however, their dynamic interaction patterns and interindividual heterogeneity remain poorly characterized. Aim: This study aimed to characterize perioperative pain-anxiety dynamics in dental implant patients, identify latent response profiles, and examine predictors to support early risk stratification and personalized nursing care. Methods: A prospective observational study with repeated perioperative assessments was conducted in 204 dental implant outpatients. Predictors included trait-like dental anxiety (MDAS score), surgical factors (bone graft use and number of implants), smoking status, and family accompaniment. Perioperative pain intensity and state anxiety were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), respectively, at five perioperative time points. Repeated-measure latent profile analysis identified pain-anxiety response profiles, and binary logistic regression examined predictors of profile membership. Results: Two distinct profiles were identified: a hypo-reactive profile (64.2%) and a hyper-reactive profile (35.8%). Hyper-reactive patients showed higher preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain, peaking intraoperatively and at 6 hours postoperatively. Higher MDAS scores, greater surgical complexity, and absence of family accompaniment significantly predicted hyper-reactivity, whereas smoking was associated with a lower likelihood of hyper-reactivity. Conclusion: Perioperative pain and anxiety exhibit substantial interindividual variability among dental implant patients, with two distinct response profiles identified: hypo-reactive profile and hyper-reactive profile. Preoperative anxiety, surgical complexity, and social support significantly influence response types. Early identification of high-risk response profiles may facilitate stratified, patient-centered nursing interventions to optimize perioperative management and recovery outcomes.
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