ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Augmented Reality Navigation in Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid Bone Resection: A Teaching Practice.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis article aims to evaluate the application value of augmented reality (AR)-assisted surgical navigation in perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (PPE) resection teaching, assessing the extent to which AR improves medical trainees' mastery of PPE anatomical localization and surgical navigation, and providing a standardized training method.
methodsPPE osteotomy lines were designed and integrated into an AR navigation system that superimposes virtual guidance onto the surgical field using HoloLens 2 AR glasses. Ten participants (five clinical medical students and five non-clinical students) were instructed to localize five anatomical points on the PPE of eight cranial models, both manually and with AR guidance. Teaching effect was evaluated via statistical analysis of localization accuracy and operation time.
resultsAR-assisted navigation significantly improved the accuracy of the safety harvesting area points of PPE localization in both groups. Clinical group trainees demonstrated higher accuracy than non-clinical group trainees, both when using AR and not using AR. However, AR guidance prolonged annotation time due to participants reassessing anatomical landmarks. Point E consistently exhibited the greatest deviation, suggesting that it is a critical anatomical landmark during PPE harvest.
conclusionIntegrating AR technology into simulated PPE resection training may enhance trainees' spatial positioning accuracy and reduce experience-related variability. While current limitations exist in projection alignment and system fidelity, AR serves as a feasible auxiliary educational tool for PPE resection. As a preliminary simulation study, it provides a technical foundation for trainees to master complex landmarks prior to clinical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: Experimental simulation study: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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