Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42575936›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2026

Human ticklishness is a widespread, culturally shared and bodily organized sensory experience.

Ziliang Xiong, Konstantina Kilteni

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ziliang XiongDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. ziliang.xiong@donders.ru.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-6339-0154
Konstantina KilteniDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. konstantina.kilteni@donders.ru.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-6434

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human ticklishness is one of the oldest yet unresolved scientific puzzles. As early as the time of Aristotle and Socrates, scholars have speculated on its origins and function, but fundamental questions remain. Is ticklishness culturally shared or specific? Does it follow a structured bodily topography, and how does it relate to other bodily sensations? Here we analysed data from three cultural groups (Chinese, Dutch and Greek) and reveal consistent behavioural patterns and social dynamics. We extracted a high-resolution bodily map of ticklishness and show that it generalizes across cultures and individuals, and is distinct from maps of touch sensitivity, pain and pleasure. When tested against predictions from five historical and contemporary theories, we show that no single theory can fully explain the ticklishness topography. Although ticklishness is stronger in rarely touched regions, supporting Darwin's hypothesis, its topography relies on a psychophysiological mechanism that is more complex than previously assumed.

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.