Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42575926›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Phytochemical profile and in vitro antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer activities of Echium angustifolium ethanolic extract.

Nashaat N Mahmoud, Alsayed E Mekky, Ebrahim Saied, Faisal Alsenani, Hamed Alsufyani, Adnan Alharbi, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Ali A Shatii, Islam Abdelhakim Seyiam, Mohammed Aufy

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nashaat N MahmoudBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
Alsayed E MekkyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
Ebrahim SaiedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. hema_almassry2000@azhar.edu.eg.ORCID 0000-0002-5622-7912
Faisal AlsenaniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 24381, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7267-9636
Hamed AlsufyaniDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 23445, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3623-9465
Adnan AlharbiPharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4825-6596
Mohammad Y AlfaifiCentral Labs, King Khalid University, Alqura'a, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Ali A ShatiiBiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Islam Abdelhakim SeyiamDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AufyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Mohammed.aufy@univie.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0002-6693-4530

Funding

the University Higher Education Fund for funding this research work under Research Support Program for Central labs at King Khalid University CL/CO/B/3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Echium angustifolium is traditionally valued for its therapeutic properties; yet comprehensive studies on its biological activities are limited. Aerial flowering parts were sequentially extracted with solvents of varying polarity. Extracts were analyzed for yield, phytochemical composition, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents and HPLC. LC-MS/MS analysis in negative ion mode was performed for detailed compound identification. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated via agar diffusion and MIC/MBC methods. Anti-inflammatory potential was determined in vitro through RBC membrane stabilization (hemolysis) assay. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were examined using MTT and cell-based assays on HepG2 and Vero cells. The molecular mechanism of anticancer activity was investigated through qPCR analysis of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2) in HepG2 cells. Antiviral efficacy against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Coxsackievirus B4 (CoxB4) was further validated by RT-qPCR quantification of viral RNA copy numbers. The ethanolic extract showed the highest yield (14.23%) among the tested solvents and richest phytochemical profile, with rutin as the predominant compound. LC-MS/MS identified 24 compounds including threonic acid, hypoxanthine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, N-methyllysine, 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 4-isopropylbenzoic acid, methionine, N-2-fluorenylacetamide, arachidic acid, N-methylanthranilic acid, carbocysteine, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, lumazine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, and 3-isochromanone. It exhibited significant antioxidant activity (IC

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntiviral AgentsPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsApoptosisChlorocebus aethiopsEthanolHep G2 CellsHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTandem Mass SpectrometryVero CellsAnti-Infective AgentsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntineoplastic AgentsAntioxidantsAntiviral AgentsEthanolPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsAnticancerAnti-inflammatoryAntimicrobialAntioxidantAntiviralApoptosis markersCoxsackievirus B4Echium angustifoliumHAVLC–MS/MSViral RNA quantification

Identifiers

PMID42575926
PMCPMC13458315

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.