ArticleTropical animal health and production2026
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Bovine herpesvirus-1 in Türkiye.
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection and to identify potential risk factors associated with BoHV-1 circulation in cattle raised under diverse production systems in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. A total of 592 serum samples collected from 49 herds across 10 provinces were tested using a gB-ELISA. The results revealed a seropositivity rate of 70.95% at the animal level and 97.96% at the herd level, indicating widespread circulation of the virus in the region. Risk factors were assessed using a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model. Seropositivity differed significantly among provinces (p = 0.002), suggesting that regional differences in herd management, animal movement intensity, climatic conditions, and production practices may be associated with variations in seropositivity rates. Age was significantly associated with seropositivity (p = 0.003), with animals aged 5-10 years exhibiting the highest seropositivity rate (%89.1). One of the most notable findings was the strong association between BoHV-1 seropositivity and the source of purchased animals: herds acquiring local animals had a 9.1-fold higher risk of infection compared to those purchasing imported cattle (p < 0.001), suggesting an association between regional animal movement patterns and BoHV-1 seropositivity. Univariable analyses demonstrated that several management-related factors-including milk yield level (p < 0.001), calf-rearing method (p < 0.001), milking system (p = 0.013), presence of a calf barn (p = 0.053), and visitor access (p = 0.07) were associated with seropositivity. In particular, the markedly higher seropositivity in calves suckled directly from their dams and in low-yield herds may be associated with differences in infection exposure and biosecurity practices. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that BoHV-1 remains highly endemic in Eastern Anatolia, and that age, animal movement patterns, and management practices are significantly associated with viral seropositivity within herds. These results provide a critical evidence base for designing regional control strategies, strengthening biosecurity protocols, and developing risk-based vaccination programs aimed at reducing the burden of BoHV-1 in Türkiye's cattle population.
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