Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42573849›Full record

ArticleNano-micro letters2026

Layered Defect-Filling co-Assembled Carbazole-Based SAMs Deliver 20% Organic Solar Cells and 17% Mini-Modules.

Jingnan Wu, Fengbo Sun, Leandro R Franco, Qiaonan Chen, Xinxin Xia, Ruike Zhou, Zhuang Li, Mateus Bergami, Pablo Hermosilla Fernandez, C Moyses Araujo and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Jingnan WuDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden. jingnanw@chalmers.se.
Fengbo SunKey Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Leandro R FrancoDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
Qiaonan ChenDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden. qiaonan@chalmers.se.
Xinxin XiaKey Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Ruike ZhouKey Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronic Materials and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
Zhuang LiKey Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronic Materials and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
Mateus BergamiDepartment of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
Pablo Hermosilla FernandezDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
C Moyses AraujoDepartment of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
Biao XiaoKey Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronic Materials and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
Xunchang WangKey Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronic Materials and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
Donghong YuDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
Maojie ZhangKey Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
Renqiang YangKey Laboratory of Flexible Optoelectronic Materials and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China. yangrq@jhun.edu.cn.
Ergang WangDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden. ergang@chalmers.se.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), yet conventional single-component SAMs often form quasi-monolayers with incomplete coverage and interfacial defects that become increasingly detrimental upon device scaling. Here, we develop a co-assembled multilayered SAM (coSAMu) strategy that combines two SAM molecules, 2PACz and 2Cl-4PACz, with distinct dipoles and steric configurations through blend casting and sequential casting. Photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and molecular simulations support a layered structure in which a chemisorbed, 2PACz-rich bottom layer primarily sets the indium tin oxide (ITO) work function, while a 2Cl-4PACz-rich upper layer fills interfacial voids, improves molecular packing, and passivates defects. Consistent with this picture, coSAMu promotes a more favorable vertical composition near the ITO surface and suppresses trap-assisted recombination, enabling more efficient charge extraction and collection. Consequently, a representative D18:L8-BO OSC incorporating the sequential-cast coSAMu HTL achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.1% (0.042 cm

Indexed as

Interface engineeringOrganic solar cellsScalable photovoltaicsSelf-assembled monolayersTrap passivation

Identifiers

PMID42573849
PMCPMC13457534

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.