ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2026
The throne of health care: detection of cardiac arrhythmias on a toilet-seat.
Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- PVI-SHAM-AF: what does this trial tell us about catheter ablation and symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation?Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) may reduce the risk of complications such as stroke. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a toilet seat-integrated electrocardiogram (TS-ECG) for AF detection under controlled clinical conditions.
methodsThis prospective multicentre feasibility study included 83 participants (mean age 64 years, 55% male) recruited at two cardiology centres in Germany. Participants were assigned to sinus rhythm (n = 50), AF (n = 28), or other non-AF arrhythmias (n = 5). Each participant underwent simultaneous recordings using a standard 12-lead ECG and the TS-ECG. Recordings were independently interpreted by four experienced cardiologists blinded to device type. The primary endpoint was diagnostic agreement for AF detection between TS-ECG and the reference ECG.
resultsCompared with the 12-lead ECG, the TS-ECG demonstrated a mean sensitivity of 96% (95% CI: 93-98%) and specificity of 95% (92-97%) across readers. When majority voting was applied, sensitivity increased to 99% (98-100%) and specificity to 97% (96-99%). Overall diagnostic accuracy was high across all readers.
conclusionThe TS-ECG demonstrated high diagnostic agreement with standard 12-lead ECG for AF detection under controlled clinical conditions. These findings support further evaluation of the system in longitudinal and home-based studies to assess real-world feasibility and clinical utility.
trial registrationDRKS00035167.
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