Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42572839›Full record

ArticlePediatric pulmonology2026

Rhinovirus Species in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and the Risk of Asthma in Children.

Ville Forsström, Matti Waris, Ville Peltola, Laura Toivonen

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Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ville ForsströmDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6044-2625
Matti WarisVirology Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-0889
Ville PeltolaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2747
Laura ToivonenDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Funding

Abo Akademi UniversityAcademy of Finland 123571Academy of Finland 140251Academy of Finland 277535Academy of Finland 324926Allergy Research FoundationFinnish Medical FoundationFoundation for Pediatric ResearchJuho Vainio FoundationPäivikki and Sakari Sohlberg FoundationPaulo FoundationResearch Foundation of the Pulmonary DiseasesSpecified government transfers, Hospital District of Southwest FinlandTampere Tuberculosis Foundationthe Emil Aaltonen Foundation; the Sigrid Juselius FoundationTurkuTurku University Hospital
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRhinoviruses (RV) are the most common pathogens causing respiratory tract infections, and early childhood RV wheezing illnesses are a known risk factor for childhood asthma. The role of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) caused by different RV species in asthma development is not well known.

methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study in a birth cohort of 923 children followed prospectively from birth to age 7 years. Nasal swab samples collected during acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) at age 0-24 months were analyzed by PCR, and RV-positive samples were genotyped. Each case with asthma at age 7 years was matched with three cohort children without asthma. Conditional logistic regression was used to test associations between RV wheezing illnesses or RV URTIs and asthma risk.

resultsWe identified 56 cases and 168 matched controls. In total, 807 RV-positive samples were successfully classified. Wheezing illnesses caused by RV-A and RV-C at age 0-24 months were associated with an increased risk of asthma at age 7 years (for RV-A, odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.43, p = 0.03; for RV-C, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.11-2.49, p = 0.01). RV-A, RV-B, or RV-C positive URTIs were not associated with asthma risk.

conclusionBoth RV-A and RV-C -induced early wheezing illnesses were associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. Acute URTIs caused by RV-A, RV-B, or RV-C were not associated with asthma risk.

Indexed as

AsthmaPicornaviridae InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsRhinovirusAcute DiseaseBirth CohortCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolEnterovirusFemaleGenotypeHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleacute respiratory infectionasthmachildhood asthmachildrenrhinovirus speciesupper respiratory tract infectionwheezing

Identifiers

PMID42572839
PMCPMC13454847

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.