ReviewAdvances in ophthalmology practice and research
Review of brain-computer interface technology in ophthalmology: Current status, challenges and future directions.
Review in Advances in ophthalmology practice and research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Visual impairment is a major global public health issue. Irreversible blindness caused by end-stage outer retinal diseases, optic nerve injuries, and other conditions remains refractory to conventional therapies. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology, which establishes a direct communication pathway between the brain and external devices, has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary strategy for ophthalmic diagnosis, functional assessment, and artificial visual restoration. Main text: This review summarizes recent advances in BCI technology for ophthalmic applications. In diagnosis and assessment, BCIs provide objective and quantitative measures for evaluating visual disorders and the integrity of the visual pathway through neural signals, using modalities such as steady-state visual evoked potentials, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In treatment, implantable visual prostheses, particularly retinal and cortical prostheses, have shown substantial progress in partial visual reconstruction, while noninvasive BCI-related approaches are being increasingly explored for rehabilitation. However, major barriers remain, including difficulties in signal acquisition, immature encoding and decoding algorithms, limited electrode array performance, inefficient wireless transmission, implantation-related complications, high device costs, and insufficient evidence for some noninvasive interventions. Legal, regulatory, and ethical concerns also constrain large-scale clinical implementation. Conclusions: BCI technology holds considerable promise in ophthalmology, but significant technical and translational challenges remain. Future advances in artificial intelligence, flexible electronics, virtual reality, wireless systems, and closed-loop strategies are expected to improve precision, safety, adaptability, and accessibility, thereby enabling more effective diagnostic and visual rehabilitation solutions for patients with severe visual impairment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.