Observational studyJournal of clinical periodontology2026
Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Transitions in the Salivary Microbiome During Periodontal Disease Progression.
Observational study in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01934725 (Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Etiology, Triggers, and Outcome (SECRETO)
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo characterise multi-kingdom salivary microbiome profiles across clinically defined periodontal states and identify stage-specific taxonomic and functional alterations using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 204 adults (mean age 40.3 ± 7.6 years) from the SECRETO study (NCT01934725) underwent clinical and radiographic oral examinations and were classified into six periodontal groups: periodontal health, localised gingivitis, generalised gingivitis, gingivitis with pockets, mild periodontitis (Stages I-II) and severe periodontitis (Stages III-IV). Saliva samples were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to evaluate microbial diversity, taxonomic composition and functional pathways.
resultsBeta diversity differed between periodontal health and the different disease states (Bray-Curtis: p = 0.049; Jaccard: p = 0.043). Gingivitis with pockets and severe periodontitis showed a significant enrichment of disease-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola , Porphyromonas endodontalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra . Among non-bacterial taxa, Candida, Moineauvirus, Pyricularia and Roseolovirus were the predominant genera. A composite metagenomic classifier showed high discriminative performance for gingivitis with pockets (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.770-1.000) and severe periodontitis (AUC = 0.865; 95% CI: 0.762-0.968).
conclusionSalivary multi-kingdom microbiome transitions closely reflect the progression of periodontal disease and provide promising biomarkers for identifying at-risk individuals.
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