ArticleCureus2026
The Effect of Intraoperative Forced Air Warmer Use on Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, and Shivering Among Laparoscopic Surgery Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Unintended perioperative hypothermia is a frequent side effect of general anesthesia and is related to early postoperative symptoms such as shivering and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Forced air warming (FAW), as performed with the Bair Hugger system, is commonly used during long procedures for the maintenance of normothermia. However, its effectiveness in reducing these postoperative symptoms in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery remains uncertain. Methods This single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, between January 1, 2023, and April 10, 2024. Ninety-eight American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients between the ages of 18 and 65 undergoing laparoscopic surgery were included. These patients were randomized by opaque-envelope allocation technique to the FAW group and the control group (non-FAW). Core temperature was monitored with a nasopharyngeal temperature probe at 30-min intervals. Outcome variables like shivering (BSAS) and PONV scores were recorded at 30 min and 6 h post-extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results Intraoperative use of FAW significantly reduces the incidence of shivering in the first 30 minutes (p=0.004) and, later, when compared with the control group. PONV incidence did not differ at 30 min (p=0.232) and at 6 h (p=0.673). Conclusions Forced air warmers help in maintaining intraoperative temperatures and significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative shivering in laparoscopic surgeries, but have no significant effect on nausea and vomiting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.