ArticleISME communications2026
Defence systems drive accessory genome interactions in
Article in ISME communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Bacterial genomes represent dynamic ecological systems in which highly dynamic accessory genome element compositions drive evolution. Emerging evidence suggests that bacterial defence systems, which protect against phages and other genetic elements, can interact cooperatively, competitively, and antagonistically to influence horizontal gene transfer, shape phage susceptibility, and diversify genomes across environments. Recent ecological studies reveal non-random co-occurrence and avoidance patterns among defence systems, suggesting that these patterns may emerge from ecological and evolutionary interactions rather than chance. Hence, these patterns need exploring in the context of ecological niche and co-localization to identify putative functional compatibilities and elucidate how defence systems shape the accessory genome. To characterize these patterns, we analysed the distributions of defence systems and other accessory genome elements in a curated global dataset of 2940
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