Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42571501›Full record

Observational studyPeerJ2026

Prevalence and morphology of lingual canals in mandibular incisors: a cone-beam computed tomography-based cross-sectional study.

Cicero Lucas Gomes Ramalho, Eliane Maria Gonçalves Moreira de Vasconcelos, Victor Archeti Vardiero, Cesar Rogério Pucci, Amjad Abu Hasna, Milton Santamaria

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Cicero Lucas Gomes RamalhoDentistry, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eliane Maria Gonçalves Moreira de VasconcelosDentistry, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
Victor Archeti VardieroRadiological Imaging Center, CECAPE College, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
Cesar Rogério PucciDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Amjad Abu HasnaDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Milton SantamariaDentistry, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation-FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Accurate identification of root canal anatomy is essential for endodontic success, particularly in mandibular incisors, where additional canals such as the lingual canal are frequently missed using conventional diagnostic methods. In this context, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a valuable tool for detecting complex anatomical variations. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence, distribution, and spatial characteristics of the lingual canal using CBCT, as well as its association with demographic factors. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study included CBCT scans from 342 patients (1,368 mandibular incisors). Images were acquired using standardized parameters (field of view: 10 × 5 cm; voxel size/slice thickness: 0.5 mm; interval: 1/1) and analyzed by a single previously trained examiner. Intra-rater reliability was assessed using test-retest analysis in 30% of the sample, demonstrating excellent agreement (ICC = 0.95). Associations between the presence of the lingual canal and demographic variables were evaluated using chi-square tests and odds ratios, while spatial characteristics were assessed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), adopting a significance level of Results: The overall prevalence of the lingual canal was 8.84%. It was significantly more frequent in males than females (

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyDental Pulp CavityIncisorMandibleAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultAnatomyCone beam computed tomographyEndodonticsIncisor teethPulp cavity

Identifiers

PMID42571501
PMCPMC13452421

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.