ArticleDigital health
Using the UTAUT model to understand HIV-negative MSM's intention to use a proposed HIV prevention mHealth management system: A cross-sectional study.
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Abstract
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are key to China's HIV prevention. In China, the proportion of HIV transmission attributed to homosexual sexual behavior increased from 9.1% in 2009 to 23.3% in 2020, highlighting the growing importance of HIV prevention among MSM. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer distinct advantages: lowering barriers to service access, mitigating social stigma, and improving accessibility of HIV-related interventions. However, evidence remains limited regarding HIV-negative MSM's pre-implementation intention to use HIV prevention mHealth management systems. Objective: Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study examined factors associated with HIV-negative MSM's behavioral intention to use a proposed HIV prevention mHealth management system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, China, from 2024 to 2025. A total of 469 HIV-negative MSM were recruited through NGO and VCT-related channels. Participants evaluated a proposed system concept introduced through a standardized description; the system had not yet been deployed or user-tested. Structured questionnaires assessed demographic characteristics and UTAUT constructs. Descriptive analyses were performed using R, and structural equation modeling was conducted using Mplus. Results: The final SEM showed acceptable model fit (χ Conclusions: Pre-implementation intention to use the proposed HIV prevention mHealth management system was mainly associated with perceived system effectiveness and social influence. Future HIV-related mHealth interventions should emphasize system effectiveness and leverage peer/community support to enhance adoption.
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