ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2026
Gestational weight management in underserved mothers in the US.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04028843 (SmartMoms in WIC), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SmartMoms in WIC: A Smartphone Intervention for WIC Mothers to Improve Nutrition and Weight Gain During Pregnancy
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13 authors.
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Abstract
introductionUnderserved pregnant individuals experience high risk for weight gain outside clinical guidelines and adverse perinatal outcomes. The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) federal program assists underserved pregnant individuals with supplemental nutrition. WIC is positioned to disseminate interventions promoting recommended gestational weight gain, increasing access to efficacious programs and complementing clinical care.
methodsPregnant WIC participants were randomly assigned (2019-2023) to a co-developed multicomponent e-health intervention for gestational weight gain management or usual care between 10 and 16 weeks gestation. The primary outcome (analyzed 2025) was gestational weight gain guideline attainment. Secondary weight outcomes included study-observed weight gain, weekly weight gain, deviation from guidelines, fat mass gain, and change in energy balance behaviors. Adverse perinatal outcomes were exploratory.
resultsPregnant participants (n=351; 57% non-Hispanic Black) were enrolled (179 Intervention; 172 Usual Care) across 31 WIC clinics. The incidence of guideline attainment was not different between groups (both groups 17%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.55 to 2.01; P=0.89). Study-observed weight gain (adjusted mean difference, -1.4 kg; 95% CI, -2.8 to -0.1; P=0.04), rate of weight gain (-0.07 kg/wk; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.01; P=0.02), deviation from guidelines (-0.05 kg/wk; 95% CI, -0.10 to -0.00; P=0.03), and fat mass gain (-1.3 kg; 95% CI, -2.1 to -0.6; P<0.001) were lower in the Intervention Group compared to Usual Care. Change in energy intake was lower in the Intervention Group (306 kcals/day; 95% CI, -500 to -112; P=0.002). There were 43 cases (9% Intervention, 16% Usual Care) of preterm birth and 30 NICU admissions (7% Intervention, 11% Usual Care).
conclusionsA remotely delivered lifestyle intervention concomitant with WIC care reduced gestational weight and fat mass gain. This approach demonstrates the potential for scalable interventions integrated into existing public health systems to expand access and inform public health strategies targeting maternal health disparities.
trial registrationTrial registration: This study is registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov NCT04028843.
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