ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Kyphosis, lordosis and height velocity. What is the effect of rate of growth on the development of the sagittal parameters of the spine in normal children?
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo identify the effect of the rate of growth in standing height in the development of kyphosis and lordosis of normal children.
methodsAnalysis of the sagittal parameters of spinal shape from longitudinally collected ISIS2 surface topography measures were analysed alongside measures of standing height by comparing height velocity and the development of kyphosis and lordosis using linear mixed effects modelling techniques.
resultsThere were 831 measures from 196 children (79 females) between 2010 and 2017 aged between 9 and 18 years of age. Height velocity was between 0 and 12 cm/yr. There was a decrease in both kyphosis and lordosis for females as height velocity increased from 0 to 4 cm/yr whereon the measure plateaued. For males, kyphosis showed less change over all values of height velocity whereas lordosis had some variation between 5 and 6 cm/yr. There was a statistically significant difference between the sexes for lordosis (p = 0.02) but not for kyphosis (p = 0.07).
conclusionThe development of the sagittal shape of the spine is dependent on height velocity, and the effects of this differ between the sexes. This adds to the knowledge about the development of the shape of the spine along with informing future research into the aetiology of scoliosis.
trial registrationNational Research Ethics Service UK, NRES committee West MidlandsSouth Birmingham (11/H1207/10) awarded in 29/3/2011.
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