Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42570016›Full record

ArticlePediatric cardiology2026

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Hybrid Stage 1 Palliation is Common and Difficult to Predict.

Alyson R Pierick, Hillary Liken, Jeffrey D Zampi, Jennifer C Romano, Sowmya Balasubramanian, Courtney Strohacker, Ray Lowery, Sunkyung Yu, Ashley Duimstra, C Todd Sower

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Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Alyson R PierickChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 2220 North Druid Hills Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, Georgia. alyson.r.pierick@emory.edu.
Hillary LikenDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, UK.
Jeffrey D ZampiDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jennifer C RomanoSection of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sowmya BalasubramanianDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Courtney StrohackerDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ray LoweryDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sunkyung YuDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ashley DuimstraDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
C Todd SowerDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hybrid stage 1 palliation (HS1P) is performed at many centers for patients with single ventricle heart disease or complex biventricular heart disease and high-risk features. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is common in these infants, although specific risk factors have not been identified to predict those who will develop NEC. A single-center retrospective chart review of 105 infants who underwent HS1P at < 30 days of age was performed. Clinical, procedural, and echocardiographic features at HS1P and prior to NEC episodes were collected. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome accounted for 54.3% of patients. HS1P was performed at a median of 5 days of life, with 78.1% having a ductal stent placed and 35.2% having an atrial septal intervention. Overall, 56 infants (53.3%) developed NEC prior to their next surgery. Stage 1 NEC occurred in 42 infants (75.0%), with stage 2/3 NEC occurring in 14 infants (25.0%). Having three or more risk factors leading to the decision to undergo HS1P was associated with development of NEC (p = 0.01). Infants with stage 2/3 NEC were more likely to receive a general surgery consult (100% vs. 33.3%), had longer NPO times (median 7 vs. 3 days), longer antibiotic course (median 7 vs. 4 days), longer hospital length of stay (median 73.5 vs. 43 days), and were less likely to be discharged home prior to next surgical intervention (28.6% vs. 47.6%) than those with stage 1 NEC (all p < 0.05). Infants undergoing HS1P are at high risk for NEC with a significant impact on patients' clinical courses.

Indexed as

(4–6) Necrotizing enterocolitisHybrid stage 1 palliationHypoplastic left heart syndromeSingle ventricle heart disease

Identifiers

PMID42570016

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.