SynthesisFrontiers in neurology
The impact of different intervention methods (anesthetic adjuvant drugs, anesthetic techniques, and non-pharmacological interventions) on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery, with inconsistent evidence regarding preventive strategies. This network meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare multiple interventions to establish an evidence-based framework for optimizing clinical management. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study, adhering to PRISMA-NMA guidelines, included various interventions such as anesthetic agents, adjunctive drugs, and cognitive training. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Rankings were interpreted according to the prespecified favorable outcome direction; therefore, lower SUCRA values denoted greater preventive effectiveness. Results: The analysis included 46 RCTs, encompassing 9,928 patients and 20 different intervention strategies. Most studies demonstrated a low risk of bias. Because POD and POCD were adverse-event incidence outcomes and MMSE change was coded so that smaller unfavorable postoperative decline represented benefit, lower SUCRA values were interpreted as indicating greater intervention effectiveness. Intranasal insulin, gastrodin, and cognitive training showed the lowest SUCRA values for POD-related outcomes. Gastrodin, esketamine, and dexmedetomidine showed the lowest SUCRA values for POCD-related outcomes. MMSE-change rankings were interpreted cautiously because they were based on fewer studies and were sensitive to the coding direction of change scores. Conclusion: This network meta-analysis suggests that intranasal insulin, gastrodin, cognitive training, esketamine, and dexmedetomidine may reduce POD or POCD after cardiac surgery. However, the comparative rankings are uncertain for interventions supported by few studies, and the MMSE-change findings remain exploratory. Further high-quality RCTs are required to confirm these results. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251128365, identifier (CRD420251128365).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.