ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Accelerating tobacco regulatory science in the United States: The center for rapid surveillance of tobacco.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Governing E-cigarettes in China: regulatory challenges and strategies for adolescent protection in the post-flavor ban era.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Flavor is a key driver of e-cigarette appeal, particularly among youth. This study examines concept flavors in U.S. online e-cigarette marketing, which are ambiguous descriptors used by the industry to evoke sensory experiences while circumventing flavor restrictions. Methods: We scraped product-level data of e-liquids and disposables in 2021 and 2024, respectively, from six popular online retailers. Flavor information was extracted from source code, product descriptions, and images. Using an expanded e-cigarette flavor wheel, we linked concept descriptors on packages to 12 explicit flavor categories. We also identified concept flavors suggesting cooling agents (e.g., "ice"). Results: Among 5368 e-liquid images from 2021, 1091 (20 %) featured concept flavors; among 3917 disposable images from 2024, 1256 (32 %) featured concept flavors. Across both years, we identified 754 unique concept flavor terms without ice mentions and 136 with ice mentions. Fruity and sweet flavors had the highest number of concept descriptors without ice mentions, whereas fruity, sweet, and menthol flavors had the highest numbers of concept descriptors with ice mentions. Conclusions: Concept flavor labeling is common in U.S. e-cigarette products. Our database facilitates rapid surveillance of e-cigarette products by the Food and Drug Administration and enables timely policy actions to regulate non-characterizing flavor labeling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.