Lactate metabolism regulation enhances cuproptosis to activate antitumor immunity: Synergistic therapy of hyaluronic acid nanomicelles delivering lactate oxidase/copper-doped carbon dots combined with α-PD-L1 inhibits distant tumors.

Hui Zhang, Xu Zhu, Jingchun Wang, Yibo Huo, Yikai Ma, Shengzhong Rong, Yuting Lu, Yingxue Jin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hui ZhangCollege of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157009, China.

Xu ZhuKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.

Jingchun WangHeilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, 150025, China.

Yibo HuoKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.

Yikai MaKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.

Shengzhong RongCollege of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157009, China.

Yuting LuKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.

Yingxue JinKey Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To address the core issue of low clinical response rates (10%-30%) to α-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy, this study targeted the immunosuppressive bottleneck mediated by lactate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A targeted drug delivery system (HLC) was constructed using hyaluronic acid (HA) nanomicelles co-loaded with lactate oxidase (LOX) and copper-doped carbon dots (CuCDs). Combined with α-PD-L1, a synergistic antitumor strategy integrating lactate metabolic regulation, cuproptosis, and immune activation was established. HLC achieves targeted accumulation through specific binding between HA and CD44 receptors on tumor cells. It directionally releases LOX and CuCDs in the acidic TME via pH-responsive properties. LOX efficiently clears lactate and elevates pH, blocking the HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway to reverse immunosuppression. It also generates H

Indexed as

CuproptosisHyaluronic acid nanomicellesHypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)Lactate metabolic regulation

Identifiers

PMID42568871

DOI10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103508

PMCPMC13448475

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.