ArticleInterventional pain medicine2026
FactFinders for patient safety: Minimizing injectate risks: Swabbing vial tops and preservative-free steroid formulations.
Article in Interventional pain medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This series of Fact Finders presents a brief summary of the evidence and outlines recommendations regarding the injection of preservative-containing steroid formulations in the epidural space and the practice of swabbing newly opened vial tops before drawing up injectate. The evidence in support of the following facts is presented: (1) No adverse events have been documented from the administration of preservative-containing steroids into the epidural space; however, neurological injuries have been reported following intrathecal injection of these preservatives. (2) Swabbing newly opened vial tops before drawing up an injectate has been a standard procedure in healthcare settings. However, the evidence supporting its efficacy is mixed. While a recent study has found no significant benefit, guidelines from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and World Health Organization (WHO) still recommend this practice. (3) Greater than 60% isopropyl alcohol is not universally effective against all pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.