ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Distinct Inflammatory Immune Signature in Acute Mpox Associated With Proctitis.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The immunopathogenesis of clade IIb monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection and its relationship with clinical severity remain poorly defined. We characterized cytokine responses in acute and convalescent mpox to delineate inflammatory profiles. Methods: In a multicenter cohort, we quantified 45 plasma protein biomarkers in 3 adult groups: acute mpox (polymerase chain reaction-confirmed clade IIb MPXV infection sampled <14 days from symptom onset); convalescent mpox (>30 days postinfection); and uninfected controls matched for age, sex, race, and HIV status. Biomarkers spanned innate and adaptive immune activation, systemic inflammation, and tissue repair. Principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering defined immune profiles. Associations with clinical features were explored via logistic regression. Results: Sixteen participants with acute mpox (median [IQR], 6 days [4-8] from symptom onset; 13% vaccinated) were compared with 16 controls. Three immune clusters were identified. Cluster 1 comprised only unvaccinated acute mpox and exhibited a broad inflammatory signature (IFN-γ, CXCL9/10/11, CCL 7/8, IL-6/10, OSM). Cluster 2 displayed elevated TNFSF12 and FLT3LG, suggestive of tissue remodeling. Cluster 3 demonstrated lower cytokine expression. Mucosal involvement was associated with the inflammatory cluster 1 (odds ratio, 7.85; 95% CI, 1.02-102.40; Conclusions: Acute clade IIb mpox displays distinct inflammatory profiles, with systemic inflammation concentrated among those with mucosal disease. Convalescence shows partial resolution but persistent tissue repair activity. These pathways may support risk stratification and targeted therapeutic interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.