ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Correlation analysis of serum galectin-3 combined with Th1/Th2-related cytokines and severe anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the synergistic effect of serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Th1/Th2 level-related cytokines, and its association with severe anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), aiming to provide potential indicators for clinical stratified assessment. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 115 patients with COPD who were admitted to our hospital from August 2022 to October 2025 were selected as the research subjects. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the patients were divided into the asymptomatic group (HADS anxiety score ≤ 7 points), the mild group (8-10 points), and the moderate-to-severe group (> 10 points). Serum levels of Gal-3, Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-33) were quantified. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship. Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influencing factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Gal-3 and Th1/Th2. Results: Serum levels of Gal-3, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-33 were increased significantly in correlation with symptom severity, with the highest levels observed in the moderate-to-severe group ( Conclusion: Gal-3 was synergistic with Th1/Th2-related cytokines and was associated with the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with COPD. The combined detection of these markers may provide a reference for early clinical stratification assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.