ArticleFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Influence of surface pretreatments on the repair bond strength of 3D-printed resin used for permanent restorations: an
Article in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: 3D-printed permanent resin-based materials have recognized as practical options for permanent restorations because of their mechanical properties, aesthetic performance, and ability to work with digital workflows. There is a lack of studies on identifying the appropriate surface pretreatments to improve repairability of 3D-printed permanent resin. Accordingly, this study assessed how different surface pretreatment conditions impact the repairability of 3D printed permanent resin utilized for definitive restorations. Methods: Sixty cylindrical specimens from 3D-printed permanent resin (10 mm × 3 mm) were categorized according to their surface pretreatments into five groups after being subjected to 5000 thermocycles. The groups were as follows: Control (C), with no surface pretreatment; Diamond Bur (DB), in which the surfaces were roughened using a diamond bur; Sandblasting (SB), in which the surfaces were treated with airborne particle abrasion; Diamond Bur + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (DB + SBU), in which diamond bur surface roughening was followed by the application of adhesive; and Sandblasting + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SB + SBU), in which airborne particle abrasion was followed by the application of adhesive. Onto the prepared CAD/CAM surfaces, a nanohybrid repair resin composite was packed. Subsequently, SBS and the mode of failure were conducted. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's Results: The SB + SBU group had the highest mean repair SBS value (17.45 ± 2.78), whereas the C group demonstrated the lowest SBS value (10.32 ± 2.56). The DB + SBU group exhibited a significantly higher SBS ( Conclusions: Within limitations of this study, roughening with diamond bur can effectively improve repair bond strength of 3D-printed permanent resin without a determinable effect of air particle abrasion. Additionally, applying a bonding agent after mechanical surface roughening improve the repairability of the 3D printed resin utilized for permanent restoration.
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