ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Independent and combined associations of diabetes and thyroid disorders with risks of incident dementia.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes and thyroid disorders are modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment. However, no studies have been conducted to comprehensively examine associations of different types of the two diseases, as well as their combinations, with dementia risks. Methods: Based on the data from UK Biobank study, patients with different types of diabetes and thyroid disorders were identified with the hospital inpatient record. Status of dementia was assessed with multi-source information. Independent and combined associations of diabetes and thyroid disorders with dementia were estimated with Cox regression models. Results: Among 284,081 participants, 8,236 incident cases of all-cause dementia (ACD) [3,755 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, 1,893 vascular dementia (VD) cases] were identified over a mean [standard deviation (SD)] follow-up of 13.03 (2.29) years. Four types of diabetes and two types of thyroid disorders were significantly associated with increased risks of dementia. Compared with participants without diabetes and thyroid disorders, those with only thyroid disorders [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21 to 1.47, Conclusions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, and their combinations were associated with increased risks of dementia in adults aged 55 years and older.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.