ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Gambling rarely stands alone: clustered addictive behaviours and socioeconomic vulnerability in adolescents.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Recent European studies estimate that between 15% and 80% of adolescents have engaged in gambling, reflecting substantial heterogeneity in measurement approaches and highlighting limitations in current surveillance systems. This variability may obscure the magnitude and urgency of the problem. Evidence suggests that adolescents exposed to socioeconomic vulnerability are more likely to engage in gambling and other co-occurring risk behaviours. This study aims to analyse gambling initiation patterns and their relationship with addictive behaviours within a socioeconomic framework. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 2,407 adolescents and young adults aged 14-21 years from the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Schools were selected using simple random sampling from an official registry, and approximately 95% of eligible students participated. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with adequate psychometric properties (KMO = 0.843; Cronbach's alpha = 0.861). Group differences were assessed using chisquare and Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariate associations were examined using logistic regression models (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals). Results: Overall, 8.6% of participants reported gambling behaviour. Gamblers were significantly older (median 18 vs 16 years, p < 0.001), more likely to be employed (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.49-4.84, p = 0.001), and more likely to have repeated a school year (OR = 4.66, 95% CI: 3.07-7.06, p < 0.001). Gambling was also significantly associated with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substance use (all p <0.001), as well as indicators of socioeconomic vulnerability. Conclusions: Adolescent gambling appears to be part of a broader cluster of socioeconomic disadvantage and co-occurring addictive behaviours rather than an isolated activity. These findings highlight the importance of integrated prevention strategies targeting multiple risk behaviours in vulnerable youth populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.