Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42568291›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Think Beyond The Core: Computationally Decoding the Hydrophilic Corona of Drug-Loaded Polymer Micelles.

Maksym Karachevtsev, Josef Kehrein, Terttu Hukka, Alex Bunker, Mikko Karttunen, Robert Luxenhofer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maksym KarachevtsevDrug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-1867
Josef KehreinInstitute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-6762
Terttu HukkaFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Chemistry & Advanced Materials, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6926-9743
Alex BunkerDrug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-9513
Mikko KarttunenEuropean Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELLIS) Institute Finland, Espoo, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8626-3033
Robert LuxenhoferSoft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-7404

Funding

CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland 2001680CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland 2006027CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland 462000354CSC - IT Center for Science, Finland 462000998Foundation PSResearch Council of Finland 358944Research Council of Finland 359499
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polymeric micelles are established delivery platforms for hydrophobic drugs. The molecular interactions governing their structure and function remain, however, poorly understood. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate drug-loaded ABA-type triblock copolymer micelles with a hydrophobic poly(2-n-butyl-2-oxazine) core and hydrophilic coronas composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (pEG), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (pDMAA), and poly(sarcosine) (pSAR). Here, pDMAA and pSAR are considered as alternative polymers to address emerging pEG immunogenicity. Three micellar formulations are examined at moderate (20%) and high (60%) loadings of curcumin as a model hydrophobic drug. The simulations reveal that pEG-based micelles exhibit higher hydration and looser corona structures compared to pDMAA and pSAR micelles. In pEG micelles, curcumin localizes primarily within the hydrophobic core, whereas in pDMAA and pSAR micelles it is more uniformly distributed. At both drug loadings, curcumin preferentially aggregates into a single stable cluster, not densely packed, and interpenetrated by polymer chains. Micelles with pDMAA and pSAR coronas exhibit enhanced stability, reflecting higher internal density and tighter curcumin packing. Hydrogen bond analysis reveals the strongest curcumin-hydrophilic A-block interactions in pDMAA micelles, moderate loading-dependent interactions in pSAR micelles, and minimal hydrogen-bonding in pEG micelles due to corona hydration.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersMicellesPolymersAcrylamidesCurcuminHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsMolecular Dynamics SimulationPolyethylene GlycolsAcrylamidesCurcuminDrug CarriersMicellesPolyethylene GlycolsPolymerspoly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)copolymerhydrogen bondmolecular dynamicsnanoformulationspolymersarcosine

Identifiers

PMID42568291
PMCPMC13614293

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.