Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42568108›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Smart Immunomodulating Nanocomposites Enabling on-Demand Solid Tumor Treatment With Quasi-Real-Time Response Monitoring.

Andreia P Magalhães, Lara Diego-González, Cátia D F Martins, Ana C Ribeiro, Cátia V Rocha, Nuria Genicio, Milene C Da Silva, Filipa Lebre, Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno, M Manuela M Raposo and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Andreia P MagalhãesAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Lara Diego-GonzálezAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Cátia D F MartinsAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Ana C RibeiroAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Cátia V RochaAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Nuria GenicioAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Milene C Da SilvaAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Filipa LebreNanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Ernesto Alfaro-MorenoNanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-7992
M Manuela M RaposoCentre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Susana P G CostaCentre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-4720
Manuel Bañobre-LópezAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
Juan GalloAdvanced (magnetic) Theranostic nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-3234

Funding

CQUM 2020.05277CQUM 2020.08240European Regional Development FundFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaNorte Portugal Regional Operational ProgrammePORTUGAL 2020 Partnership AgreementSbDToolBox projectSELF-i PTDC/QUI-COL/28052/2017the European Union's H2020 project 857253UnTAM PTDC/QUI-OUT/3143/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy face challenges such as limited efficacy in solid tumors, adverse effects, and prohibitive costs. This study addresses these challenges by developing a theranostic magnetic nanocomposite (mNC) system for on-demand delivery of small-molecule immunomodulating drugs (smIDs) to solid tumors. This system enables externally triggered drug release under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and simultaneous MRI monitoring. Functionalization with a granzyme B (GzmB)-responsive fluorescent probe allows real-time assessment of immune activation, focusing on NK cells and CTLs. In vitro and ex vivo validation demonstrated effective mobilization of innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in approximately 60% tumor cell viability reduction correlating with GzmB activity and increased cytokine release. Validation further demonstrated the ability of the system to report tumor accumulation (via MRI) and immune cell activation (optical imaging). This platform offers precise spatio-temporal control of immunotherapy delivery combined with noninvasive imaging and immune response monitoring, representing a promising strategy for enhancing the specificity and efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.

Indexed as

Immunomodulating AgentsNanocompositesNeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorGranzymesHumansImmunotherapyKiller Cells, NaturalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiceGranzymesImmunomodulating Agentscontrolled drug deliveryimmunostimulationmagnetic hyperthermiamagnetic resonance imagingreporting probes

Identifiers

PMID42568108
PMCPMC13542966

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.