ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
Inside and outside the body space: a study on environmental knowledge, interoceptive and functional body representations in the prodromal stage of dementia.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThere is increasing interest in identifying sensitive cognitive markers for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Spatial navigation has emerged as a promising marker, as impairments in both egocentric and allocentric navigation have been reported in preclinical AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, findings regarding the relative involvement of these navigational representations remain inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about how MCI affects other forms of spatial representation beyond navigation.
objectiveThe present study aims to investigate navigational, inner, and outer bodily representations in individuals with MCI to provide a broader characterization of the cognitive changes associated with this condition across different bodily and navigational space representations.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional comparative study involving 28 healthy controls (HC) and 25 participants diagnosed with MCI (PtwMCI). All participants completed tasks and questionnaires probing: (a) different interoceptive dimensions (interoceptive accuracy [IAcc], awareness [IAw], and sensibility [ISe]); (b) action-oriented (aBR) and nonaction-oriented (NaBR) body representations; (c) landmark, route, and survey knowledge of a virtual environment.
resultsPtwMCI showed reduced IAcc and ISe and performed less accurately in landmark and route tasks compared to HC.
conclusionsOur findings indicate early impairments in interoceptive (inner body) and navigational processing, even in the initial stages of cognitive decline. These difficulties may thus represent an early marker of neurodegeneration. The observed co-occurrence of alterations across these domains highlights the need for future studies to clarify the relationship between body-related cognitive processes and broader cognitive functions in the Alzheimer's disease continuum.
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