ArticleThe Journal of urology2026
Delineating the Long-Term Incidence of Urethral Complications After Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Population-Based Analysis.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeDespite robust 15-year cancer-specific survival for localized prostate cancer (CaP), long-term urethral complications after treatment are sparsely reported. Our objective is to assess the long-term incidence of urethral complications after CaP treatment. MATERIALS AND
methodsMen with the diagnosis of CaP from 2002 to 2021 in the Alberta Cancer Registry were evaluated for complications using the Discharge Abstract Database and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Urethral complications were defined as development of stenosis, fistula, or a urethral procedure > 30 days after treatment. Patients were allocated into 8 treatment groups, radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), cryotherapy (Cryo), RP + EBRT, EBRT + BT, Cryo + EBRT, or medical treatment/observation (MT/O). Urethral complications were compared between groups using Cox regression.
resultsA total of 47,387 patients were identified with a median age of 66 years (IQR 14). At a median follow-up of 79 months (25th percentile = 36, 75th percentile = 140), 3140 patients developed urethral complications. On multivariable Cox regression, age (
conclusionsPatients undergoing CaP treatment are at a risk of developing urethral complications in the long term regardless of treatment modality. However, combined modalities pose a heightened risk while observation and radical prostatectomy have the lowest with complications from surgery appearing earlier and stabilizing over time.
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