ArticleGenetics and molecular biology2026
Molecular and cytogenetic data for Rhamphichthys Müller and Troschel, 1848 (Rhamphichthyidae - Gymnotiformes): Evidence of chromosomal differentiation in R. heleios, R. hahni, R. rostratus and R. pantherinus.
Article in Genetics and molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhamphichthys (Gymnotiformes), a genus with uncertain taxonomy due to rarity and morphological similarity, exhibits greater diversity in the Amazon Basin. Phylogenetic analysis of COI data from specimens collected in the Amazon Basin, in Guamá River (Belém and Barcarena), Caripetuba River, and Anequara River (Abaetetuba) and deposited in the collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi identified two major monophyletic clades within Rhamphichthys, encompassing R. pantherinus and R. rostratus. Cytogenetic analysis of 24 specimens, both with 2n=50 but differing fundamental number (FN) and karyotype formula (KF), enabled their differentiation. Although 2n=50 is likely ancestral, karyotype constitution varies among species. By combining cytogenetic and molecular data, we reclassified the previously described Rhamphichthys "marmoratus" (2n=50, FN=94, KF=44m/sm+6st/a) as R. heleios, and previous R. rostratus (2n=50, FN=92, KF=42m/sm+8st/a) as R. pantherinus. This study provides the first cytogenetic data for the real R. rostratus species and reports novel B chromosomes within the Rhamphichthyidae family.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.