ArticlePsychotherapy and psychosomatics2026
Increasing Access to CBT for Psychosis Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating a Brief, Targeted CBT-Informed Intervention for Distressing Voices Delivered by Assistant Psychologists (the GiVE3 Study).
Article in Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionCognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is recommended for treating psychosis. However, access to CBTp is extremely poor for patients in the UK and internationally due to its intensive nature and delivery by highly trained therapists. This study evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the Guided self-help CBT-informed intervention for distressing Voices (GiVE) intervention delivered by briefly trained therapists (assistant psychologists).
methodsThis study was a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial, comparing the GiVE intervention (delivered by assistant psychologists) in addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU) against TAU alone, recruiting patients with psychosis across three National Health Service sites in the UK, using 1:1 allocation and blinded post-treatment and follow-up assessments. Clinical and health economic outcomes were assessed at baseline, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks. The primary outcome was the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale - Auditory Hallucinations Distress Scale (PSYRATS-AH Distress).
resultsIn total, 135 participants were randomised: 68 to GiVE plus TAU, 67 to TAU alone. Participant's mean age was 43.8 years (SD = 12.1; range 18-69), 44 (33%) were women, 88 (65%) men, and 2 (1%) non-binary. For the intention-to-treat analysis, adjusted between-group differences in mean PSYRATS-AH Distress were -0.73 (95% CI -2.34 to 0.88; p = 0.376; Cohen's d = -0.35) at 16 weeks and -0.61 (95% CI -2.23 to 1.01; p = 0.460; Cohen's d = -0.30) at 28 weeks in favour of GiVE plus TAU but were not statistically significant.
conclusionOur study found that the GiVE intervention was not clinically effective in treating distressing voice-hearing experiences when delivered by briefly trained assistant psychologists to psychosis patients.
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