ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
Impact of race on comorbidity burden and clinical outcomes among Southeast Asians with lupus nephritis: a single-center retrospective study.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimData on lupus nephritis (LN) prognosis in the diverse Asian races outside of East Asia is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic comorbidity burden and outcomes of LN in a multi-racial Southeast Asian population.
methodsSingle-center, retrospective cohort study of 340 patients with biopsy-proven LN between 2011 and 2023. The outcome was kidney failure and/or death.
resultsAmong Chinese (252 patients), Malay (57 patients), Indian (11 patients) and other races (20 patients), the median age was 42.3 years (interquartile range 31.4-52.8). Chinese were older at diagnosis than other races (p = 0.002). Malays were less likely to be older than Chinese (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.61). Diabetes mellitus was more frequent in Malays (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.04-8.97) and Indians (OR 5.65, 95% CI 1.06-30.06) than Chinese. Compared to Chinese and Malays, other races were less likely to have hypertension and renin-angiotensin system blocker (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.96 and OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.69, respectively). There were no differences in hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, kidney histology, and induction immunosuppressant type. During the median follow-up of 50 (38, 74) months, 49 patients (14.4%) developed kidney failure and/or died. Adjusting for cardiometabolic risk factors (age > 40 years, male sex, eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m
conclusionFuture studies should include under represented ethnic groups to better understand race-specific cardiometabolic risk profiles and their effects on LN outcomes.
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