Microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil: research progress on bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and combined remediation techniques.

Petroleum hydrocarbon soil pollution has become a global environmental problem that needs to be solved urgently because it endangers ecosystem and human health. Compared with physical and chemical remediation methods, microbial remediation technology has become the core treatment means in this field with the advantages of low cost, eco-friendly and no secondary pollution. In this paper, the research progress of microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil in the past five years was reviewed. The degradation mechanisms of microorganisms through metabolism, co-metabolism and biosorption were described. The key influencing factors such as temperature, moisture content, pH, salinity, soil texture, petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and species, and microbial characteristics were analyzed. The microbial remediation technologies such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biological ventilation and combined remediation were introduced in detail, and their principles, optimization parameters, applicable scenarios and remediation effects were described, and typical engineering application cases were listed. Finally, the research progress of microbial remediation methods was summarized and the research focus of microbial remediation technology in the future was pointed out, which provided support for the sustainable treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.