ArticleMaternal and child health journal2026
Pregnancy Ambivalence, History of Pregnancy, Condom Use, and Contraceptive Use Among U.S. Youth Experiencing Homelessness.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesYouth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are 5-8 times more likely than housed peers to become pregnant. A more nuanced examination of YEH pregnancy desire may better inform pregnancy and pregnancy prevention guidance. This study examined pregnancy ambivalence, pregnancy history, condom use, and contraceptive use among sexually active YEH.
methodsWe utilized baseline data of YEH aged 16-25 from a randomized controlled trial published elsewhere (Santa Maria et al., 2021). Pregnancy desire was categorized as ambivalence (43%) and non-ambivalence: desiring pregnancy (10%) and not desiring pregnancy (47%). We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between pregnancy ambivalence with three outcomes (pregnancy history, condom, and any contraceptive use), stratified by male/female participants, controlling for demographics (e.g., gender, sexual orientation).
resultsAmong YEH (n = 446, 44% female, 50% male, 6% another gender; mean age 21.1 years), 39% reported pregnancy history, 41% reported recent condom use, and 15% reported contraceptive use. Adjusted prevalence ratios stratified by male/female participants indicated that pregnancy ambivalence was notsignificantly associated with pregnancy history, recent condom use, and reported contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: By characterizing YEH pregnancy ambivalence, condom and contraceptive use, and the pregnancy history, providers may develop tailored policies and programs that respond to the preferences and sexual decision-making needs of YEH who are more vulnerable to undesired pregnancy, regardless of pregnancy desire.
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