ArticleJournal of proteome research2026
Demographic Factors Affect the BMAC Proteome.
Article in Journal of proteome research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) is a promising orthobiologic therapy, yet the impact of patient demographics on its proteomic profile remains poorly understood. This study investigates how smoking status, age, sex, and BMI modulate BMAC's protein composition, focusing on 109 analytes across inflammation, immune response, and tissue regeneration pathways. BMAC samples from 120 patients (iliac crest: n = 77; humeral head: n = 43) were stratified by smoking status (current, former, never-smokers) and analyzed via antibody microarrays. Nonparametric statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc) with false discovery rate (FDR) corrections revealed significant proteomic alterations in iliac crest-derived BMAC from smokers, including upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α; p < 0.05, FDR-adjusted) and downregulated anabolic factors (TGF-β1, BMP-9). Former smokers exhibited intermediate profiles, suggesting partial recovery postcessation. Sex-based differences (e.g., BMP-5, FGF-4) were noted but did not survive FDR correction. Humeral head samples showed minimal smoking-related changes, highlighting site-specific effects. These findings underscore smoking's catabolic influence on BMAC's therapeutic potential and advocate for pretreatment cessation protocols.
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