Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42565373›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2026

Medical analogies help to grasp the logic behind behaviour change interventions.

Rik Crutzen, Gjalt-Jorn Peters

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Rik CrutzenDepartment of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Gjalt-Jorn PetersTheory, Methods and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explain the logic of Acyclic Behaviour Change Diagrams (ABCDs) and demonstrate how medical analogies can clarify the causal-structural chains of behaviour change interventions when working in multidisciplinary teams. APPROACH: ABCDs visually represent causal-structural chains linking behaviour change principles to intervention targets. Medical analogies are used to illustrate this logic by comparing behaviours to diseases, determinants to underlying causes, and behaviour change principles to mechanisms of action in treatment. The importance of identifying relevant determinants and applying principles under appropriate conditions for effectiveness is highlighted.

conclusionMedical analogies can help to grasp the logic behind behaviour change interventions, thereby supporting collaboration in multidisciplinary teams and adequate application of behaviour change principles.

Indexed as

Behavior TherapyHealth BehaviorHumansLogicPatient Care TeamBehaviour changecollaborationinterventionlogic modelpublic health

Identifiers

PMID42565373
PMCPMC13455692

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.