ArticleInternational journal of tryptophan research : IJTR2026
Urinary Tryptophan Metabolites, Trace Element Status, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Integrated Metabolomics-Elementomics Study in Children.
Article in International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with metabolic and environmental factors. We investigated associations between urinary tryptophan-pathway metabolites and essential/toxic trace elements in children with ASD and healthy controls. In a cross-sectional cohort of 216 children (149 ASD, 67 controls), urinary tryptophan metabolites were quantified by LC-MS/MS and normalized to creatinine. Trace elements were assessed by ICP-MS. Matching yielded 1:1 (n = 57/57) and 1:2 (n = 30/60) age- and sex-matched subsets. Correlations (Pearson or Spearman, FDR-adjusted) and group comparisons were performed; autism severity (CARS) was analyzed within ASD. Creatinine-normalized tryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and N-acetyltryptophan showed moderate, positive correlations with essential elements (Mg, Zn, Se; r ≈ 0.5-0.7; N-acetyltryptophan and IAA correlated modestly with toxic elements (Tl, Cs; r ≈ 0.3-0.4). Group differences in individual metabolites and elements were modest; however, the composite toxic element index was significantly lower in ASD (
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